Explore Dickens presentation of education in Hard Times Essay

Dickens’ presents The Victorian instruction framework in ‘Hard Times’ in an in a general sense negative way, Dickens’ communicates the possibility that having an inventive angle to our training is basic. He does this through caricaturizing the instruction framework and ridiculing the characters. All through the novel, it is a reason for Dickens being mocking towards the training framework. Dickens opens the novel with an ironical depiction of Thomas Gradgrind and his utilitarian instructive techniques as he encourages the room brimming with understudies â€Å"Facts alone are needed in life† (9) Dickens mocks Gradgrind’s responsibility to training included distinctly of realities as Gradgrind overstates that realities are the main fundamental thing throughout everyday life. â€Å"Fancy† (14) represents creative mind and marvel contrasted with realities. Dickens underline â€Å"Fact† more than he does with â€Å"Fancy† he does this by rehashing â€Å"fact† itself, sounds increasingly powerful. Gradgrind’s see on instruction is his kids are to never envision or miracle. Gradgrind rejects the idea of â€Å"fancy† or creative mind; ‘fancy’ has nothing to add to seeing; just things that can be estimated are significant. Gradgrind’s disliking bluster on extravagant â€Å"You don’t stroll upon blossoms in fact† (14) to the understudies underlines that extravagant is terrible and it ought to be â€Å"facts!† (14) In his sarcastic portrayal of Gradgrind, Dickens’ point is of what he encountered in the mechanical England during his time when instruction changed limitlessly, as indicated by area, sexual orientation, and class, implying that Dickens see on Utilitarianism is appeared in an ironical manner, and his convictions stood apart all through the novel, this demonstrates how the training framework was controlled. Dickens utilizes characters’ names to proceed with his parody of the utilitarian training framework predominant in Victorian Britain. Mr Gradgrind breaks into the word â€Å"Grind† as a way to squash, meaning his technique for pounding down the students’ independence and any creative mind they may have entered the school with. Mr M’Choakumchild, breaks into â€Å"me, stifle, child† Dickens’ misrepresents with the name as we don’t might suspect the new instructor is truly gagging the kids in his consideration, that this Fact-fixated animal will just gag creative mind and sentiments out of them. â€Å"If he had just taken in somewhat less, how interminably should be he may have shown much more!† (15) This features the utilitarianism framework would work much better, in the event that it were not all that hung on realities. On the off chance that Mr. M’Choakumchild had learnt less and been for all intents and purposes engage d with his understudies more and would have educated much better. This is reprimanding the manner in which the framework works. Dickens is proposing that in the utilitarianism framework, recommending that slamming realities into understudies probably won't be the best method of educating them. Not all things can be decreased to realities alone. Mr Gradgrind and Mr Bounderby are the principle portrayals of utilitarianism and supporters of the framework. In Louisa’s proposed union with Bounderby, Dickens shows us a heartbreaking outcome of Gradgrind’s framework that denied everything except for realities. â€Å"You have been acquainted with think about each other inquiry, just as one of substantial Fact† (97) This outlines Gradgrind, who is unequipped for communicating his feelings adequately toward Louisa, edges her into a marriage with Bounderby by expressing different realities and insights to her. Louisa is reluctant to convey her sentiments towards him â€Å"she returned, with no noticeable emotion† (96) David Lodge’s ‘How Successful Was Hard Times?’ (1981) contends that Gradgrind’s philosophy in his framework is flawed, Lodge clarifies that it is a â€Å"primary file of what's going on with his system† Mr Bounderby is additionally a character with utilitarian convictions, without a doubt one of the significant characters that has a firm confidence in the framework, â€Å"you may constrain him to swallow bubbling fat, yet you will never stifle drive him to smother the realities of his life† (23) He implies the very embodiment of his savage rules that just has space for realities and measurements. ‘Hard Times’ traces that an utilitarian way to deal with life is ineffective and costs the individuals who follow their minds become automated and lacking to the framework. Creative mind and heart is found in the bazaar where Mr Bounderby and Mr Gradgrind disdain â€Å"No youngsters have carnival masters†¦ or go to carnival addresses about circuses† (23) Gradgrind suggests that carnivals dislike a down to earth schoolroom. Dickens speaks to Sissy Jupe as a powerful character of the novel who presents the estimation of a warm heart and encapsulates sentiments and feelings. She is viewed as a total disappointment of Gradgrind’s framework. Anyway Dickens and the peruser judge her as a triumph. The youthful honest young lady ridiculed by the educator and introduced as the â€Å"dumb† young lady in the beginning of the novel, step by step ends up being the most key character in the entire novel. Since the basic criticalness of actuality and the expul sion of extravagant that Gradgrind’s training obliges, Sissy Jupe will never succeed. By and by, disregarding the training, Sissy turns into a young lady who can keep up her own standards and convictions. The differentiating portrayals of Sissy and Bitzer are appeared in their appearance. For instance Sissy is portrayed as brilliant and warm â€Å"dark looked at and dim haired† (11) alluding to her as somebody who is the essence of imperativeness. Anyway Bitzer is depicted as â€Å"what little shading he ever possessed† (11) and â€Å"His cold eyes would scarcely have been eyes† (11)) Demonstrating that he is cold and unfeeling with no heart and all estimation. Dickens utilizes Bitzer to exhibit that different understudies are affected by him, demonstrating that he is a supporter of Gradgrind’s framework, while Sissy is the outsider to the framework. The Utilitarian instruction framework identifies with the modern town ‘Coketown’ which comprises of industrial facilities and â€Å"large roads †¦ like each other †¦ individuals similarly like one another† (27) The town is connected to a â€Å"painted face of a savage† (27) that is depicted as boorish and uncultured, the kids are being denied from the â€Å"ill-smelling dye† (27) Dickens proposes the general public that the kids/laborers are living in is unsanitary â€Å"Jail† (28) showing that they have no way out from their issues. The utilitarian framework gets rid of all creative mind in the students and sets them up impeccably for the life of drudgery. Dickens portrays as their part as ‘hands’ in Coketown’s production lines. Instruction introduced in ‘Hard Times’ is appeared as ironical in Dickensian vision of Utilitarianism. This is on the grounds that Dickens can make a numb-skull out of the framework slyly. Moreover it is sure that what Dickens has introduced is comical and persuading with causing the utilitarian belief system to appear to be silly through the novel. I discover David Lodge’s contention towards Dickens conclusion as liberal and intense.

Top 8 Apps for Busy Freelancers

Top 8 Apps for Busy Freelancers From the manner in which they help with dealing with your opportunity to overseeing concurrent due-dates, from taking notes in a customer meeting to approaching late drafts in a hurry, applications are a freelancer’s closest companion. So it’s likely they can assist you with smoothing out your office life as well. Look at this rundown of the best 8 efficiency applications and see what you can make your life simpler by downloading. For Time Management1. PomodoroThis straightforward clock application is free (with paid update highlights) and lets you set an interim for â€Å"work† with a programmed crush clock to get you spirit on target afterwards.2. Schedules by ReaddleThis not just incorporates with your Google or iCalendar, it speaks to your schedule occasions as squares of time, permitting you outwardly survey where you have extra time and where you’re twofold or triple booked. The essential application is free, with paid moves up to take into account rehashed occasion planning, dialects, added daily agendas, overseeing welcomes and participants, updates, and savvy input that scans your messages for potential activity items.3. Self-ControlOf all the applications that will assist you with shutting out Twitter and Facebook sufficiently long to complete work, Self-Control is the most no-nonsense. There’s no real way to drop it! Not in any event, restarting your PC! Some of the time I need that sort of genuine affection in my life.For To-Do Lists4. WunderlistThis application is consistently a group pleaser-its best highlights are letting you bunch errands together and appoint subtasks inside a progressing venture. You can even join records so they’re simple to allude to, and share reports with groups.5. TodoistThis is a masterlist application it gathers together undertakings, planning, marking, notes, updates, venture layouts and more to cover each part of your workflow.6.Mind-NodeThis application is perfect for less s traight scholars; it permits you to make delightful diagrams by freestyle relationship between thoughts, instead of the structure of a rundown or an outline.For Document Access7. Great ReaderAlong with the works of art like Pages and Google Docs, this one of my most loved applications for record survey. It’s particularly spectacular for changing over among designs, and has the best PDF-alter interface I’ve go over. At whatever point I need to sign and return an agreement, I never need to print or sweep it anymore.8. Examining AppsGoogle Drive has another filtering highlight you may have seen, however the other top applications are Cam Scanner, Genius Scan, and the ever well known EverNote. Give close consideration to whether they permit you to import as pictures or will really put forth the attempt to change over to Word or some other editable organization!

Abraham Lincoln Essays

Abraham Lincoln Essays Abraham Lincoln Essay Abraham Lincoln Essay Abraham Lincoln BY cbailey7262 Abraham Lincolns executioner, John Wilkes Booth, was a Maryland local conceived in 1838 who stayed in the North during the Civil War regardless of his Confederate feelings. As the contention entered its last stages, he and a few partners incubated a plot to hijack the president and take him to Richmond, the Confederate capital. Nonetheless, on March 20, 1865, the day of the arranged abducting, Lincoln neglected to show up at the spot where Booth and his six individual backstabbers lay in pause. After fourteen days, Richmond tumbled to Union powers. In April, with Confederate armed forces close to crumple over the South, Booth thought of a urgent arrangement to spare the Confederacy. Discovering that Lincoln was to go to Laura Keenes acclaimed execution of Our American Cousin at Fords Theater in Washington, D. C. , on April 14, Booth†himself a notable on-screen character at the time†masterminded the concurrent death of Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward. By urdering the president and two of his potential replacements, Booth and his co-backstabbers would have liked to toss the U. S. government into chaos. Lincoln involved a private box over the phase with his significant other Mary, a youthful armed force official named Henry Rathbone and Rathbones fianc?â ©, Clara Harris, the girl of New York Senator Ira Harris. The Lincolns showed up after the expected time for the satire, however the president was allegedly feeling fine and chuckled generously during the creation. At 10:15, Booth slipped into the container and terminated his . - bore single-shot derringer into the rear of Lincolns head. In the wake of cutting Rathbone, who quickly surged at him, in the shoulder, Booth jumped onto the stage and yelled, Sic semper tyrannis! (Along these lines ever to dictators! - the Virginia state adage). From the outset, the group deciphered the unfurling show as a major aspect of the creation, however a shout from the primary woman revealed to th em in any case. In spite of the fact that Booth cushioned his leg in the fall, he figured out how to leave the theater and break from Washington riding a horse.

Essay Topics For Kids - Top Tips To Help You Build Confidence

Essay Topics For Kids - Top Tips To Help You Build ConfidenceEncyclopedic topics for kids are an excellent way to build confidence. These topics can be specific or general in nature, and the format should be logical and short enough to complete within an hour. To ensure that the topic is truly useful, be sure that the essay is short, concise, and easy to comprehend. Here are three things you should be aware of when choosing topics for kids.First, parents should pay attention to the age of the children who will be reading the essays. Younger children typically have a shorter attention span, which means they are more apt to procrastinate and may not finish their assignments. Some children will even stop participating in class altogether! If this is the case, children should be given choices on the topic that they would like to read about. In general, though, they should be encouraged to participate and become involved with the topic.Second, it is important that parents seek out topics that match the needs of their children. For example, preschoolers should not be presented with essay topics for older students. This is because preschoolers are more likely to struggle with complex subject matter and may even be afraid of learning more information. Topics with difficult vocabulary are also best avoided.Last, it is important that the essays that parents give their children for topics for kids are not overly complicated or difficult to understand. Topics with complex vocabulary and heavy sentences are generally best avoided, since younger children are less likely to understand such topics. Instead, it is best to provide children with activities to help them learn and to engage them in conversation. This is much more effective than sitting down and demanding that the child memorize every bit of information.It is possible to find tons of topics for kids online, but it is wise to focus on high quality topics that have already been written by experts. Usually, these topic s are ones that are easy to understand and will provide the most benefit to the child. These include topics for kids, writing for kids, English grammar topics, and even topics for kids and learning about animals.Once the essay topics for kids are chosen, the parent should be committed to completing the project in a timely manner. A good time to do this is within a few days of signing up for the assignment. This allows the parent to get a feel for how quickly they can complete the assignment.Using the Internet is one of the best ways to find and to deliver content for children. Ensure that all of the elements in the assignment are worth the wait, and you will find that the assignment has been completed in record time!

Farce and Satire in Shakespeares Comedy of Errors Essays

Farce and Satire in The Comedy of Errors All is not as it seems in The Comedy of Errors. Some have the notion that The Comedy of Errors is a classical and relatively un-Shakespearean play. The plot is, in fact, based largely on Plautuss Menaechmi, a light-hearted comedy in which twins are mistaken for each other. Shakespeares addition of twin servants is borrowed from Amphitruo, another play by Plautus. Like its classical predecessors, The Comedy of Errors mixes farce and satire and (to a degree) presents us with stock characters. Besides being based on classical models, is it really fair to call The Comedy of Errors a serious play? Im not sure it is. Three-quarters of the play is a fast-paced comedy based on†¦show more content†¦What is it, after all, that makes one person different from another? In the case of twins, where everything physical points to identity, how can we tell one person from the other? Some of the characters even begin to doubt their own identity. Dromio of Syracuse says, I am transformed, master, am not I?, and his master wonders, Am I in earth, in heaven, or in hell?/ Sleeping or waking, mad or well-advisd?/ Known unto these, and to myself disguisd? (II.ii.195, 212-14). The play may also be taken as commenting seriously on the limits of human perception and understanding. Both in the last scene and earlier, the strange happenings raise the questions of magic and madness. Antipholus of Syracuse says he thinks Ephesus may be full of sorcerers or witches (I.ii.99; IV.iii.11; III.ii.156), and he wonders more than once if he has gone mad. Dromio of Syracuse thinks he is in fairy land (II.ii.189). The play reveals the limits of human understanding, not only through the mistakes made throughout the play, but also through the fumbling attempts to account for what is happening in the final scene. The Duke wonders if everyone is mated, or stark mad (V.i.282), and Antipholus of Syracuse wonders if he is dreaming (V.i.377). Adriana (wife of the other Antipholus) puts the matter most directly when she says that her husbands presence in twoShow MoreRelatedHello2980 Words   |  12 Pagesof ideas in the order in which things occur; may move from past to present or in reverse, from present to past. Classification (as means of ordering)—Arrangement of objects according to class; e.g., media classified as print, television, radio. Comedy of Manners—A work that deals with the relations and intrigues of gentlemen and ladies living in a polished and sophisticated society; it evokes laughter mainly at the violations of social conventions and decorum and relies on the wit and humor ofRead MoreElizabethan Era11072 Words   |  45 Pages to which tales the Italian name novella (novel) was applied. Most of the separate tales are crude or amateurish and have only historical interest, though as a class they furnished the plots for many Elizabethan dramas, including several of Shakespeares. The most important collection was Painters Palace of Pleasure, in 1566. The earliest original, or partly original, English prose fictions to appear were handbooks of morals and manners in story form, and here the beginning was made by JohnRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagesby comparison with the infirmity of others, or with our own formerly.† Conversely, Solomon thinks that in viewing folly (for example, that of the Three Stooges comedies) we can see our own tendency to unwise behavior and that it can help us become more modest and compassionate—both important steps to becoming wiser. Th e encyclopedia essay also indicates that some thinkers view humor as a form of play and that humor has â€Å"until recently has been treated as roughly co-extensive with laughter,† thoughRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 PagesDickens’ novels, they often serve as convenient vehicles for humour and satire. These characters and their deeds are always predictable and never vary. Flat characters are usually minor actors in the novels and stories in which they appear, but not always so. Flat characters have much in common with the kind of stock characters who appear again and again in certain types of literary works: e.g., the rich uncle of domestic comedy, the hard-boiled private eye of the detective story, the female confidante

Virtue Ethics The True Stem Of Moral Character - 1445 Words

Jiovanni Rodriguez Philosophy 103 2014 December 2nd Virtue Ethics: The True Stem of Moral Character Moral character is what dictates an individual s decision making and affects their experiences throughout their life. A person s morals can be based off one s upbringing and environmental factors. Virtue ethics is a philosophical view that greatly supports this claim that the choices a person makes and their actions follow those choices, and display their moral character. This is more likely to be true than Kantianism because this type of ethical view is based off Immanuel Kant, a philosophical thinker whose emphasizes that his writings and beliefs influence the choices people make. However, people do what is morally acceptable in†¦show more content†¦Virtue ethics, on the other hand, doesn t focus exclusively on actions, but on the character of the individual. There are a number of different perceptions of virtue ethics and many different ways to interpret the lessons behind it, but one of the first and most efficient teaching s came from Aristotle s. He argued that virtue is learned, it is a skill we acquire over time and most of the time it represents a mean or middle way between two extremes. For example, if there was an accident and a car began to burn on fire with someone trapped in it; a rash person rushes in without a care to save the person, were as a cowardly person does nothing. A sensible person weighs out the options before making any decisions, and perhaps goes in, or perhaps just waits for help to arrive. There are three main focuses when breaking down the difference between these important theories. One is based on duty and a fixed moral law (Kant), one is based on enlightened self interest, or what makes us all happy (utilitarianism), and one sees being good as an art that we learn (virtue ethics). A person will try to perform good deeds knowing they will receive a positive outcome. Same goes with a bad decision, thinking about how the result of ones actions and how it could negatively affect you may cause you think twice about your actions before you do them. Moreover, this is where our

Greek Mythology (1019 words) Essay Example For Students

Greek Mythology (1019 words) Essay Greek MythologyGreek Mythology, beliefs and ritual observances of the ancient Greeks, who became the first Western civilization about 2000 BC. It consists mainly of a body of diverse stories and legends about a variety of gods. Greek mythology had become fully developed by about the 700s BC. Three classic collections of myths-Theogony by the poet Hesiod and the Iliad and the Odyssey by the poet Homer-appeared at about that time. Greek mythology has several distinguishing characteristics. The Greek gods resembled humans in form and showed human feelings. Unlike ancient religions such as Hinduism or Judaism, Greek mythology did not involve special revelations or spiritual teachings. It also varied widely in practice and belief, with no formal structure, such as a church government, and no written code, such as a sacred book. Principal Gods The Greeks believed that the gods chose Mount Olympus, in a region of Greece called Thessaly, as their home. On Olympus, the gods formed a society that ranked them in terms of authority and powers. However, the gods could roam freely, and individual gods became associated with three main domains-the sky or heaven, the sea, and earth. The 12 chief gods, usually called the Olympians, were Zeus, Hera, Hephaestus, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hestia, Hermes, Demeter, and Poseidon. Zeus was the head of the gods, and the spiritual father of gods and people. His wife, Hera, was the queen of heaven and the guardian of marriage. Other gods associated with heaven were Hephaestus, god of fire and metalworkers; Athena, goddess of wisdom and war; and Apollo, god of light, poetry, and music. Artemis, goddess of wildlife and the moon; Ares, god of war; and Aphrodite, goddess of love, were other gods of heaven. They were joined by Hestia, goddess of the hearth; and Hermes, messenger of the gods and ruler of science and invention. Poseidon was the ruler of the sea who, with his wife Amphitrite, led a group of less important sea gods, such as the Nereids and Tritons. Demeter, the goddess of agriculture, was associated with the earth. Hades, an important god but not generally considered an Olympian, ruled the underworld, where he lived with his wife, Persephone. The underworld was a dark and mournful place located at the center of the earth. It was populated by the souls of people who had died. Dionysus, god of wine and pleasure, was among the most popular gods. The Greeks devoted many festivals to this earthly god, and in some regions he became as important as Zeus. He often was accompanied by a host of fanciful gods, including satyrs, centaurs, and nymphs. Satyrs were creatures with the legs of a goat and the upper body of a monkey or human. Centaurs had the head and torso of a man and the body of a horse. The beautiful and charming nymphs haunted woods and forests. Worship and Beliefs Greek mythology emphasized the weakness of humans in contrast to the great and terrifying powers of nature. The Greeks believed that their gods, who were immortal, controlled all aspects of nature. So the Greeks acknowledged that their lives were completely dependent on the good will of the gods. In general, the relations between people and gods were considered friendly. But the gods delivered severe punishment to mortals who showed unacceptable behavior, such as indulgent pride, extreme ambition, or even excessive prosperity. The mythology was interwoven with every aspect of Greek life. Each city devoted itself to a particular god or group of gods, for whom the citizens often built temples of worship. They regularly honored the gods in festivals, which high officials supervised. At festivals and other official gatherings, poets recited or sang great legends and stories. Many Greeks learned about the gods through the words of poets. .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 , .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .postImageUrl , .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 , .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096:hover , .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096:visited , .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096:active { border:0!important; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096:active , .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096 .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb8b5b374ad90d4a29865bebe3afc096:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cleopatra - Queen of Egypt EssayGreeks also learned about the gods by word of mouth at home, where worship was common. Different parts of the home were dedicated to certain gods, and people offered prayers to those gods at regular times. An altar of Zeus, for example, might be placed in the courtyard, while Hestia was ritually honored at the hearth. Although the Greeks had no official church organization, they universally honored certain holy places. Delphi, for example, was a holy site dedicated to Apollo. A temple built at Delphi contained an oracle, or prophet, whom brave travelers questioned about the future. A group of priests represented each of the holy sites. These priests, who also might be community officials, interpreted the words of the gods but did not possess any special knowledge or power. In addition to prayers, the Greeks often offered sacrifices to the gods, usually of a domestic animal such as a goat. Origins Greek mythology probably developed from the primitive religions of the people of Crete, an island in the Aegean Sea where the regions first civilization arose about 3000 BC. These people believed that all natural objects had spirits, and that certain objects, or fetishes, had special magical powers. Over time, these beliefs developed into a set of legends involving natural objects, animals, and gods with a human form. Some of these legends survived as part of classical Greek mythology. The ancient Greeks themselves offered some explanations for the development of their mythology. In Sacred History, Euhemerus, a mythographer from the 300s BC, recorded the widespread belief that myths were distortions of history and the gods were heroes who had been glorified over time. The philosopher Prodicus of Ceos taught during the 400s BC that the gods were personifications of natural phenomena, such as the sun, moon, winds, and water. Herodotus, a Greek historian who lived during the 400s BC, believed that many Greek rituals were inherited from the Egyptians. As Greek civilization developed, particularly during the Hellenistic period, which began about 323 BC, the mythology also changed. New philosophies and the influence of neighboring civilizations caused a gradual modification of Greek beliefs. However, the essential characteristics of the Greek gods and their legends remain unchanged. See Also Aegean Civilization. BibliographyGreek Mythology, Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Mythology

Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essays (1057 words) - Absurdist Fiction

Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Metamorphosis By: Franz Kafka What is reality? Every person has his or her own "reality" or truth of their existence. For some it may be nothing they expected while others can just be successful in anything. The true reality is that regardless of what direction is taken in life a person brings the same inner self, motivational levels and attitudes. As followers of literature we often escape our own "reality" and experience life through the imagination of the author's we read. By doing so, many people find themselves gaining information about themselves. In Franz Kafka's "Metamorphosis," Gregor Samsa's reality changes indifferently in spite of his drastic physical changes. Before the Metamorphosis, Gregors life consisted of working and caring for his family. He led a life of a traveling salesman, working long hours, which didn't permit to him living his own "life". He reflects his own life as "the plague of traveling: the anxieties of changing trains, the irregular, inferior meals, the ever changing faces, never to be seen again, people with whom one has no chance to be friendly" (Kafka 13). Working to pay off his family's debt, Gregor never left anytime for himself. Kafka himself counterparts this sentiment in a quote taken from his diaries; "no matter how hard you work that work still doesn't entitle you to loving concern for people. Instead you're alone, a total stranger, a mere object of curiosity" (Pawel 167). So in-depth with his work, Gregor becomes unknown to himself and to life. In Gregor's life he had no room for anyone other than his family which in the end left him without love or caring or any other kind of companionship. He worked so industriously for his family that this became his only goal in life. They became so dependent on Gregor to support them but did nothing for him in return. Up until now Gregor was living a life of obligations, he came home every night to an empty hotel room to ensure his family was taken care of. His parents and "their dominance thus extends to the system which deprives him of creative life and married love" (Eggenschwiler 54). Apparent to everyone, Gregor was no longer thought of a member of the family but nothing more than a "support system." The fact of the matter become, "everyone had grown accustomed to it, his family as much as himself; they took the money gratefully, he gave it willingly but the act was accompanied by no remarkable effusiveness" (Kafka 48). Gregor still "believed he had to provide his family with a pleasant, contented, secure life"(Emrich 149). Before the metamorphosis, Gregor's existence was much like it was after it. After being transformed into a cockroach Gregor lived in isolation with his family. In a "dark bedroom, in the jumble of discarded furniture and filth, monstrous vermin, a grotesque, hidden part of the family"(Eggenschwiler 211). Gregor's sister was the only one who helped poor Gregor, in his time of transformation. She was frightened but managed to put her fears aside, she even got angry with others for trying to help. Upon his sister taking care of him, the rest of Gregor's family would not associate with him. "No one attempted to understand him, no one, not even his sister, imagined that she could understand him"(Kafka 45). Before long, Gregor noticed that through his metamorphosis he had not lost nor gained anything. "The actual metamorphosis symbolizes a rebellion assertion of unconscious desires and energies" (Eggenschwiler 203). After the metamorphosis, Gregor's family undergoes some pretty harsh changes. For after the change, Gregor would not be able to support his family's lazy asses. He went to his boss and begged him to "please sir, spare my parent" (Kafka 24). Strangely, after what his family put him through he still looked vigorously for a way to help his parents, "his duty was to remain docile and to try to make things bearable for his family"(Kafka 42). As time passes, Gregor realizes that his family doesn't need his help and support and that he is nothing more than a burden to them. The family never realized the strain that the transformation had put Gregor through, and now they have cut off relations instead of supporting Gregor they desert him. Even his sister had gotten to the point of no longer feeding or cleaning Gregor's room, she might stop in and give him a piece of bread but not stay and talk to him. The thing that really got to Gregor is the memories of all the things

Record Components Documentation Requirements Medical Records Essay Example

Record Components Documentation Requirements Medical Records Essay Example Record Components Documentation Requirements Medical Records Paper Record Components Documentation Requirements Medical Records Paper Essay Topic: Medical When a new patient comes to a doctor’s office bearing medical records, there are a number of things that the office wants to make sure that the patient has with them. This holds doubly true when dealing with an OB/GYN patient who is experiencing a second pregnancy and who had problems with the first pregnancy. When the patient comes in, the doctor and medical records manager wants to assure that the patient has at a minimum, the doctor’s dictation, the tests that the doctor ordered regarding the health of the mother and the baby, the hospital records regarding the first pregnancy, basic medical information, and the post natal information regarding her first pregnancy. The doctor’s dictation is important because it shows the visit to visit issues that occurred and how each was resolved. The dictation allows the new doctor to see the â€Å"train of thought† of the previous doctor in order to see the issues that came to light and what was done to resolve them. This gives the new doctor valuable insight into how this particular patient’s body operates, and can be valuable in keeping problems from occurring in the future. The tests that the doctor ordered are also important. This allows the doctor to get a sense of the health of the patient and to establish a baseline by which to conduct further assessments. It also gives the doctor a sense of the idiosyncrasies of the patient and to show what numbers and results are considered normal for the particular patient. It also gives the doctor an idea of what issues were discovered and what tests were necessary to diagnose and treat the problems regarding the first pregnancy should there be problems with the second. The hospital records are paramount in determining the doctor has all the information that he needs to have an accurate picture of the patient and her health. By having these records, there is a sense of the urgency that the first pregnancy had as well as any and all problems that were occurring as the patient was giving birth. Without these records, when the patient came time to deliver, there might be problems to which a solution had already been found and a potential litigious situation can be avoided. Basic medical information is probably the most important information that a doctor needs. This establishes the baseline health of the patient in order to give the doctor a sense of the history of the patient and if there are any unnecessary gaps in the wellness of the patient. For example, does the patient have her shots, is she current on Pap smears, mammograms and other tests that are important to the baseline health of the patient. Finally, post-natal information is needed in order to determine what, if any issues the first child had post-natally. By having this information, the doctor is aware of any and all issues that may arise in the post-natal health of the child and can be prepared to treat it should it become necessary. Additionally, there would be test results that would show any genetic predisposition to disease, and the doctor would have this information in order to help the patient make an informed decision regarding her reproductive health should it become necessary. Making sure that the patient has all the records needed should not be the sole responsibility of the patient. The doctor’s office does have an obligation and a responsibility to assure that all applicable records are obtained, should the patient have neglected some seemingly trivial piece of information that ends up being a vitally important piece of the puzzle. JCAHO, (2009). Standards frequently asked questions. Retrieved June 15, 2009, from JCAHO Web site: jointcommission. org/Standards/FAQs/ Montauk, S. L. (1998). American family physician. Retrieved June 15, 2009, from AAFP Web site: aafp. org/afp/981101ap/montauk. html

Green Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Green Power - Essay Example Furthermore Green Power is associated with a cleaner environment devoid of pollution. The Green energy sources include wind, solar, biomass and water. Renewable energy plants can provide a constant flow of power which can be the greatest realization for humanity. Presently this is not the case. There is a clarion call across the world for the adoption of Green energy in a bid to conserve Mother Nature. Indeed, the call for these safer and non-pollutant forms of energy cannot really be emphasized. Several researches have demonstrated the great harm done across the world through the usage of oil and other forms of energy not classified under this category. In few countries across the world, Green Power contributes substantially toward the total national grid. However, in most countries, the consumption of green energy is still very limited to the extent of 2 to 5% for most developed countries. Such a trend worries considering that the world’s oil resources are running out at amazing rates. It certainly calls for alternative measures to be put in place in order to address the situation before issues go haywire. The greatest challenge facing the consumption of Green Power across the world is the already established infrastructure that serves the consumers. The incorporation of green energy into such infrastructures is normally a difficult affair. The centralized nature of most electricity grids in the world means that purchasing the Green energy from the producers becomes difficult. In the Netherlands, electricity companies are compelled to buy a given amount of the Green energy to supplement the national output and to serve clients who specifically opt for the green energy sources. The Green Power affair has become an important program across the world and people are called upon to join the bandwagon. Policy makers are giving many reasons on why such renewable sources of energy should greatly be adopted across the world. The amount of carbon

Exam1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Exam1 - Essay Example On the other hand, the competitive philosophy suggests that in a competitive market, the government establish rules that sponsor full and free competition. The competitive philosophy is proposed by its supporters, both as a solution to economic problems and also in moral stipulations: as a ground for freedom, where ideas and ventures are allowed space to thrive. These notions have lately been benefiting from an extraordinary influence. In every society, the government is the sole lawful method of coercion. Forms of government coercion like taxation promote the competitive goal of philosophy, and the higher the burden imposed by taxes on production, the greater the chances that economic growth will decline and falter. Price controls or restrictions encouraging new competitors to enter a market promote market exchanges and others like interdictions on illusory practices and enforcement of contracts can also aid voluntary exchanges. The US government is currently making such an effort t o prevent the concentration of fiscal power that’s been growing for a long time in the investment and banking industries.   The congress is undertaking financial reform and federal supervisors and a few influential state attorney generals are starting inquiries of suspected abuse by the little remaining bank holding corporations, the markets themselves, and other key accomplices like hedge funds. Historically, laissez-faire was a response to mercantilism, a structure of commercial powers in which trade and industry, particularly overseas trade, were only regarded as ways of making the state stronger. Trade monopolies, taxes, Navigation laws, and paternalistic policy of various kinds bore greatly upon the growing class of merchants during the time of European colonial development. French physiocrats, leader economists in the 18th century, on behalf of this class of merchants, initially devised the theories of laissez-faire. State noninterference became a fundamental philosop hy with the physiocrats,; they in particular were opposed to the idea of taxation of commercial endeavors. Resistance to mercantilism and government paternalism also inspired Adam Smith, pioneeer of classical economics, who is directly associated with British laissez-faire policies. Smith supposed that individual benefit rather than state control was the proper objective; he therefore campaigned that trade should be conducted without government limitations. When people had the freedom to follow personal interest, competition or rivalry would turn out to be more effectual than the nation as a controller of economic policy. Smith did not advocate for laissez-faire in an unconditional sense; he created a space for government intervention in public works, such as the construction of docks and canals to assist trade, and in the control of overseas trades to leverage some domestic industries. However, the philosophy of laissez-faire turned into a doctrine of individualism and of functiona l ethics in the hands of Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill made it to reach what was perhaps its highest point. The theory’s strong individualism was naturally of interest to the merchants and factory owners during the Industrial Revolution; they tried to change society along capitalistic terms and often ended up being hampered by old regulations and the conflict of landed interests. Some real-world examples of programs

Kant Theory and Justice Essay Example for Free

Kant Theory and Justice Essay Immanuel Kant concerns himself with deontology, and as a deontologist, he believes that the rightness of an action depends in part on things other than the goodness of its consequences, and so, actions should be judged based on an intrinsic moral law that says whether the action is right or wrong – period. Kant introduced the Categorical Imperative which is the central philosophy of his theory of morality, and an understandable approach to this moral law. It is divided into three formulations. The first formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative states that one should â€Å"always act in such a way that the maxim of your action can be willed as a universal law of humanity†; an act is either right or wrong based on its ability to be universalized. This belief is part of the â€Å"universal law theory† and states that to determine if an action is essentially â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad,† one must essentially imagine a world in which everyone performed that same action constantly, and imagine if this would be a desirable world to live in. If not, then it is not okay to perform the action. He believes that this â€Å"universal law† lives within us; it is not something that is imposed on us from the outside. For example if one kills oneself out of self-love, it is logically contradictory because self-love refers to respect for one’s self as a rational being and rationality is based on objective (undistorted by emotion or personal bias). So, one can never justify suicide. The maxim of killing oneself cannot possibly exist as a universal law. The second formulation states that one must â€Å"treat humanity whether in thine own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end withal, never as means only. † For example, if I were to lie to a girl so that she would choose to go out with me then I, in effect, use her. Kant would say that I treated her as a means to achieve my end, and he specifically prohibits manipulating or deceiving a person for the purposes of achieving a personal end. According to Kant, only people are valuable as ends. Any action that disregards this is in clear violation of Kantian morality, and purports to reduce an individual’s autonomy; this consequently undermines a person’s rational capability and reduces him/her to a thing. This implies that if someone robs you and takes your wallet, he is treating you as a thing and not as a person. The third and last formulation requires that one sees oneself as the source of all moral law. This simply emphasizes the fact that the moral agent is the one who chooses to act morally. This third formulation tells us to imagine ourselves as the sole lawmaker in a society, and to choose the best possible set of laws that the society of rational beings would live by. Kant believes that we all have reason within us, but some choose to respond and act upon it while others do not. We can reason the way things ought to be, and based on that is how we should act, which explains Kant’s view that a moral action must be chosen through moral reason. For example, one does not cheat on a test because one’s reason tells him or her that it is wrong, not the consequences that follow if one gets caught. Another example is that we do not need the law to tell us not to steal because it is immoral; we simply have to access our ability to reason to rationalize this. In a world where each individual recognizes his/her moral dignity and freely chooses to adopt the same universalizable moral law, all actions become good. In opposition to the Categorical Imperative is Kant’s Hypothetical Imperative, which states that a particular action is necessary as a means to some purpose. Kant believes that these actions are not always moral because they are not performed out of â€Å"pure good will† (pure duty), which is the only thing in the world that is unambiguously good. In the case of the ethical credibility of the principles of affirmative action, Kant’s Categorical Imperative provides for the basis of approval. It is primarily out of a sense of duty that a society would seek to assist its struggling members who are in need of help. The action so far seems good, but we must test its universality. Can we imagine ourselves living in a world in which all societies seek to aid the underprivileged and the disadvantaged at the slight expense of others? Absolutely yes. It is important for one to bear in mind, however, that it is the very action of helping that is being judged as inherently good or bad, and not the action’s admirable or overbearing surrounding consequences. Secondly, we must test that the action is regarding everyone involved as ends and not as means to any particular purpose. Since the aim of affirmative action is to help the current predicaments of those people who were victimized in the past, focus is placed on respecting every individual’s autonomy. In this way, we can see that affirmative action is not a devious plan that seeks to manipulate, but one that seeks to compensate by adjusting the means (circumstances) and not the ends (individuals). Lastly, we must see if the action is establishing a universal law governing others in similar situations; one should behave as if one is the absolute moral authority of the universe. Is completing this action consistent with the application of moral law? If so, the affirmative action passes these three tests and the action is good. In his â€Å"Objections to Affirmative Action†, James Sterba talks about why he believes that Affirmative Action is morally wrong. He argues that a person’s race shouldn’t control his or her point of interest. Sterba argues that Affirmative Action leads to injustice and it is unfair to the white nonminority males because â€Å"it deprives them of equal opportunity by selecting or appointing women or minority candidates over more qualified nonminority male candidates. † He believes that the job of the government is to eliminate all kinds of discriminatory policies. He thinks that â€Å"alternative programs are preferable. † Thus, the government should instead promote equal opportunities through programs within agencies and departments instead of through Affirmative Action which he believes is a fancy word for discrimination. He argues that it is not fair to those who are more qualified for certain opportunities and cannot receive them either because they are not women or because they are not part of the minority. In his First Objection, he argues that Affirmative Action â€Å"is not required to compensate for unjust institutions in the distant past. † He talks about Morris’ argument that what occurred in the past is not the primary issue that puts all present-day African Americans at an unfair disadvantage; it is more about the issues of more recent origin. He makes a point that discrimination today could very well be the source of the disadvantaged disposition of African Americans and other minority groups, and it is certainly something that society could do without. The question remains that in attempting to â€Å"level the playing field† and eliminate present-day discrimination in America, is Affirmative Action a practical approach and should such a program be endorsed? The Fourth Objection goes on to say that Affirmative Action â€Å"hurts those who receive it† because in many ways the people benefitting from it would not see the need to work as hard, and it places â€Å"women and minorities in positions for which they are not qualified. † Sterba proposes that one of the solutions to this problem could be the installation education enhancement programs to compensate for any lack of skills. He believes that this will in a short time ensure that minorities are appropriately qualified for a position. In response to Sterba’s First Objection, Kant would agree that the rightness of Affirmative Action should be based upon the circumstances of the present situation and not what had occurred in the past; this is evident mainly through his a priori form of philosophical deductive reasoning that judges an action before the experience, or â€Å"in the moment. † However, Kant would disagree with Sterba’s Fourth Objection because in my opinion, Kant’s deontological theory correlates with the correctness of the affirmative action in its very aim toward helping â€Å"the right† people. Affirmative action has not significantly diminished gender, racial, and all other forms of discrimination, but the action has promoted equality and diversity to a large extent. In a world where everyone performs the â€Å"good will,† there is justice; and the installation of this program only serves to come closer to this justice. Discrimination is wrong because it violates a person’s basic and intrinsic moral rights. Thus, in itself the adoption of this program is an action that is good because without Affirmative Action it is true in many ways that minorities would remain at a disadvantaged position in the educational system and not be allowed the opportunity to exercise their true potential. Kant would argue that it is a duty out of â€Å"good will† to treat people equally. The concepts of equality and autonomy are emphasized in the nature of this program because it strives to treat everyone as a free person equal to everyone else. According to Kant, one should be treated as ends not as mere means. It can be argued that African Americans at a disadvantaged position were being treated as means by the dominant culture to achieve its own ends in the system. Discrimination cannot exist as a system of nature because those who discriminate would not want to be similarly discriminated against if things were reversed, and so Affirmative Action is justified because it aims to open the door of opportunities to those who have been oppressed for years. That being said, Kant would examine the action itself and not the consequences of the action. When making decisions, one has to put oneself into other people’s shoes and see if one wants to be treated the same way others have been treated; it is a duty to treat others as we ourselves want to be treated. Affirmative Action not necessarily needed in this society to reduce the inherent inequalities that are still existent, but it can certainly be used to assist in leveling the playing field. Affirmative Action has been successful on a short term basis, that is, in increasing the representation of minorities (including women) in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. However, on the long term basis it can be argued that the program only serves to perpetuate a cycle of need. Kant advocates the idea of equality through his deontological theory by saying that all people deserve equal treatment as rational ends in themselves and that this should never be compromised by the flaws in any social system.

Globalisation: Friend Or Foe :: essays research papers

Dramatic Changes have taken place in Sydney’s cultural and economic landscapes during the past two decades. These changing landscapes have been linked in both political discourse and the popular press to Sydney’s emerging role as a ‘global city’. Evidence supporting this theory has come from some academic analyses of globalisation in the 1990s. Global cities are identified by their role as command centers for organising the global economy. Such cities have been characterised by their openness to global flows of commodities, money, ideas and information. They have become destinations for both national and international migration of skilled information workers, but also magnets for new streams of global labor migration. The Asia-Pacific Rim has been one of the primary sources of these new flows of international migration into Sydney (Fagan, 2000, pg. 144). The aim of this essay is to gauge the impact of the said globalisations on the various landscapes of Syd ney, as globalisation has effected different areas of Sydney in different ways. The principle areas discussed in this paper are Leichardt, Chinatown, Cabramatta, Darling Harbour, the CBD and Pyrmont. The impacts of cultural globalisations will be discussed first, followed by those of economic globalisations. Economic globalisation will be divided into 2 parts: primary impacts and subsequent impacts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Migrant communities are an attribute of many large western cities and particularly of global cities. In the case of Leichardt, however, Italian settlement occurred prior to Sydney’s emergence as a Global City. The display of the symbols of Italian settlement in the form of signage, businesses and social organisations is a cultural attribute of Sydney’s global city status (Searle, 1996). The maintenance and marketing of this ‘heritage status’ for urban planners and tourism authorities is a key feature of global cities (Searle, 1996). A primary example of the developers and tourism authorities attempting to capitalise on the heritage value of Leichardt is illustrated in Plate 1. Resident Italian-Australians, and tourists alike, can be seen dining and shopping among the Italian Forum in the foreground and middle distance of the photograph.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The situation of Chinatown is similar to that of Leichardt in terms of its heritage value. Chinatown, like Leichardt, was established prior to Sydney’s global city status. Its heritage is a magnet for Chinese-Australians and tourists alike as seen the central foreground of Plate 2. The Pallou Plaza is lined with specialty Chinese shops, conference centers/social clubs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cabramatta is one of the direct results of Sydney’s global city status.

Diwali – Festival of Lights

Diwali  (also spelled  Devali  in certain regions) or  Deepavali,[1]  popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, is an important five-day festival in  Hinduism,Jainism, and  Sikhism, occurring between mid-October and mid-November. For Hindus, Diwali is one of the most important festivals of the year and is celebrated in families by performing traditional activities together in their homes. Deepavali is an official holiday in  India,[2]  Nepal,  Sri Lanka,  Myanmar,Mauritius,  Guyana,  Trinidad & Tobago,  Suriname,  Malaysia,  Singapore,[3]  and  Fiji. The name â€Å"Diwali† is a contraction of â€Å"Deepavali† (Sanskrit:  Dipavali), which translates into â€Å"row of lamps†. [4]  Diwali involves the lighting of small clay lamps (diyas  or  dipas) in  Sanskrit:   ) filled with oil to signify the triumph of good over evil. During Diwali, all the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks wit h family members and friends. Most Indian business communities begin the financial year on the first day of Diwali. Diwali commemorates the return of  Lord Rama, along with  Sita  and  Lakshman, from his fourteen-year-long exile and vanquishing the demon-king  Ravana.In joyous celebration of the return of their king, the people of  Ayodhya, the Capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthen  diyas  (oil lamps) and burst firecrackers. [5] In Jainism, Diwali marks the attainment of  moksha  or  nirvana  by  Mahavira  in 527 BC. [6][7]  In Sikhism,  Deepavali  commemorates the return of  Guru Har Gobind Ji  to  Amritsar  after freeing 52 Hindu kings imprisoned in Fort  Gwalior  by defeating Emperor  Jahangir; the people lit candles and diyas to celebrate his return. This is the reason Sikhs also refer to Deepavali as  Bandi Chhorh Divas, â€Å"the day of release of detainees†.The festival starts with  Dhanteras  on whi ch most Indian business communities begin their financial year. The second day of the festival,  Naraka Chaturdasi, marks the vanquishing of the demon  Naraka  by  Lord Krishna  and his wife  Satyabhama. Amavasya, the third day of Deepawali, marks the worship ofLakshmi, the goddess of wealth in her most benevolent mood, fulfilling the wishes of her devotees. Amavasya also tells the story of Lord  Vishnu, who in his dwarf incarnation vanquished the  Bali, and banished him to  Patala.It is on the fourth day of Deepawali,  Kartika Shudda Padyami, that Bali went to  patalaand took the reins of his new kingdom in there. The fifth day is referred to as  Yama Dvitiya  (also called  Bhai Dooj), and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. ————————————————- Spiritual significance In each legend, myth and story of Deepawali lies the signi ficance of the victory of good over evil; and it is with each Deepawali and the lights that illuminate our homes and hearts, that this simple truth finds new reason and hope.From darkness into light — the light that empowers us to commit ourselves to good deeds, that which brings us closer to divinity. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India and the scent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of fire-crackers, joy, togetherness and hope. Diwali is celebrated around the globe. Outside India, it is more than a Hindu festival, it's a celebration of South-Asian identities. 5] While Deepavali is popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, the most significant spiritual meaning is â€Å"the awareness of the inner light†. Central to Hindu philosophy is the assertion that there is something beyond the physical body and mind which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called the  Atman. The celebration of Deepavali as the â€Å"vic tory of good over evil†, refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks one's true nature, not as the body, but as the unchanging, infinite,  immanent  and  transcendent  reality.With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the oneness of all things (higher knowledge). This brings  ananda  (joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the birth of our physical being, Deepavali is the celebration of this Inner Light. While the story behind Deepavali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essence is the same – to rejoice in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman). Diwali – Festival of Lights Diwali  (also spelled  Devali  in certain regions) or  Deepavali,[1]  popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, is an important five-day festival in  Hinduism,Jainism, and  Sikhism, occurring between mid-October and mid-November. For Hindus, Diwali is one of the most important festivals of the year and is celebrated in families by performing traditional activities together in their homes. Deepavali is an official holiday in  India,[2]  Nepal,  Sri Lanka,  Myanmar,Mauritius,  Guyana,  Trinidad & Tobago,  Suriname,  Malaysia,  Singapore,[3]  and  Fiji. The name â€Å"Diwali† is a contraction of â€Å"Deepavali† (Sanskrit:  Dipavali), which translates into â€Å"row of lamps†. [4]  Diwali involves the lighting of small clay lamps (diyas  or  dipas) in  Sanskrit:   ) filled with oil to signify the triumph of good over evil. During Diwali, all the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks wit h family members and friends. Most Indian business communities begin the financial year on the first day of Diwali. Diwali commemorates the return of  Lord Rama, along with  Sita  and  Lakshman, from his fourteen-year-long exile and vanquishing the demon-king  Ravana.In joyous celebration of the return of their king, the people of  Ayodhya, the Capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthen  diyas  (oil lamps) and burst firecrackers. [5] In Jainism, Diwali marks the attainment of  moksha  or  nirvana  by  Mahavira  in 527 BC. [6][7]  In Sikhism,  Deepavali  commemorates the return of  Guru Har Gobind Ji  to  Amritsar  after freeing 52 Hindu kings imprisoned in Fort  Gwalior  by defeating Emperor  Jahangir; the people lit candles and diyas to celebrate his return. This is the reason Sikhs also refer to Deepavali as  Bandi Chhorh Divas, â€Å"the day of release of detainees†.The festival starts with  Dhanteras  on whi ch most Indian business communities begin their financial year. The second day of the festival,  Naraka Chaturdasi, marks the vanquishing of the demon  Naraka  by  Lord Krishna  and his wife  Satyabhama. Amavasya, the third day of Deepawali, marks the worship ofLakshmi, the goddess of wealth in her most benevolent mood, fulfilling the wishes of her devotees. Amavasya also tells the story of Lord  Vishnu, who in his dwarf incarnation vanquished the  Bali, and banished him to  Patala.It is on the fourth day of Deepawali,  Kartika Shudda Padyami, that Bali went to  patalaand took the reins of his new kingdom in there. The fifth day is referred to as  Yama Dvitiya  (also called  Bhai Dooj), and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. ————————————————- Spiritual significance In each legend, myth and story of Deepawali lies the signi ficance of the victory of good over evil; and it is with each Deepawali and the lights that illuminate our homes and hearts, that this simple truth finds new reason and hope.From darkness into light — the light that empowers us to commit ourselves to good deeds, that which brings us closer to divinity. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India and the scent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of fire-crackers, joy, togetherness and hope. Diwali is celebrated around the globe. Outside India, it is more than a Hindu festival, it's a celebration of South-Asian identities. 5] While Deepavali is popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, the most significant spiritual meaning is â€Å"the awareness of the inner light†. Central to Hindu philosophy is the assertion that there is something beyond the physical body and mind which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called the  Atman. The celebration of Deepavali as the â€Å"vic tory of good over evil†, refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks one's true nature, not as the body, but as the unchanging, infinite,  immanent  and  transcendent  reality.With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the oneness of all things (higher knowledge). This brings  ananda  (joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the birth of our physical being, Deepavali is the celebration of this Inner Light. While the story behind Deepavali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essence is the same – to rejoice in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman).

Marketing As A Business Philosophy - 1378 Words

The concept of marketing to many people can often be simply perceived as trying to sell a product. Although, marketing is much broader than trying to sell products, it’s a philosophy that is complex which has many internal and external factors that all link back to the customer and value, which benefits should exceed the costs for both exchanging parties. This essay will initially explore the focus of marketing as a business philosophy and then explain the rationale behind the idea of successful marketing by providing essential information on the marketing concepts. The essay will then focus on the theory behind customer value and how it is subdivided into four segments whilst highlighting the different types of value that is associated†¦show more content†¦For Zoos Victoria even though it would be the adult who acts as the purchasing agent, marketing their membership to children would also be a focus as this would benefit them as they are a user of the product. From a similar perspective (Drummond Ensor, 2005) elucidates that business philosophy of marketing is that the provider offers goods and services to the customer, and the customer in return offers a purchase, support and loyalty. This relationship between the customer and provider is successful when both of them receive value, meaning the benefits from the exchange outweigh the costs they outlay. As for the zoos membership when the joining of a membership occurs the zoo (who is the provider) benefits from the transaction with the purchase of the membership, and the loyalty of choosing to visit the three zoos of Victoria. In return the customer receives the benefit of obtaining a membership and being able to visit any of the three Victorian zoos at their discretion. Understanding marketing may not be as simple some people may think it is. According to Kotler, Shaw, Fitzroy and Chandler (1983) marketing can be actually controversial because so many people can be involved and affected by marketing in many ways. In relation to the membership certain people may think that the marketing of producing a zoo membership is unnecessary and is just another form of the zoos to generate money. However some other may think that the idea ofShow MoreRelatedMarketing, Customer Value, and the Link1750 Words   |  7 Pagesthe center of business. In order to survive, companies need to acknowledge the fact that business now revolves around customers (Keith, 1960). As a result, marketing becomes one of the most prominent philosophies in business. Therefore, to get a better understanding of today’s business, this essay will be discussing about three important concepts. 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